Republic of nigeria niger delta social and conflict analysis. Before the discovering of the black gold crude oil, agriculture was the dominant occupation of the people in the area. While some facilitated access to relevant information and data, others provided. Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about much. Niger delta annual onflict report january to december 2017 the niger delta peace and conflict landscape has undergone significant changes since 2009 when the federal government commenced a presidential amnesty program for exmilitants in the region. Conflict resolution in the niger delta region of nigeria. Conflict management in the niger delta a case study of the amnesty programme the niger delta area is the most fragile region in nigeria. Major new inquiry into oil spills in nigerias niger delta. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. Major causes of the nigerdelta conflict research cyber. This paper from the african journal on conflict resolution recommends a collaborative problemsolving approach to conflict management in the region.
This report, sponsored by the centers of innovation at the us institute of peace usip, draws on the experiences of the author and stakeholder democracy network sdn over the past four years in the niger delta. The conflict landscape remained largely unchanged in the first quarter of 2018, compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. Niger delta quarterly onflict trends fund for peace. Ethnic and political unrest has continued throughout the 1990s despite the conversion to democracy. Abia, akwa ibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers.
Pdf causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of. Maybe its because the conflict between antioil insurgents and the government has gone on for so long, some 20 years, that theres a bit of niger delta fatigue. Niger delta quarterly onflict trends january to march 2018 there has been a decrease in conflict risk and lethal violence in the niger delta since q4 2017, and the trend continues in q1 2018 see page 2. Needbased vandalism is driven by the imperative for subsistence and survival, while greedbased vandalism is associated with the quest for primitive accumulation of petrowealth. This paper introduces an alternative approach to conflict management in the niger delta region of nigeria. Environmental conflict management in the niger delta, nigeria by okechukwu ibeanu abstract. Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta final. The niger delta region, the crude oil bearing region of nigeria, has witnessed an unprecedented spate of violent conflicts in the recent past, and all efforts to quell the conflict seem to have failed to yield the desired results. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state article pdf available in procedia social and behavioral sciences 5. Dec 05, 2018 major causes of the nigerdelta conflict.
The niger delta, which stretches for nearly 150 miles 240 km from north to south and spreads along the coast for about 200 miles 320 km, extends over an area of 14,000 square miles 36,000 square km. The characteristics of the niger delta social context have informed three patterns of petropipeline vandalism, represented in the needgreedgrievance schema. The niger delta region of nigeria has witnessed an unprecedented spate of violence related to the impacts of oil and gas production. Consolidated and zonal reports executive summary 1. In this article, we examine the main causes reasons for of the conflict in the niger delta region that has remained impoverished despite the regions huge contributions to the nigerian economy for more than five decades. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria. Pdf causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as. P4p qualitative research report on driversimpacts of. The niger delta is a vast lowlying region through which the waters of. However, a mapping of those responses is useful for placing findings, conclusions, and recommendations in context.
The role of womens groups in the niger delta region, nigeria yomi oruwari1 faculty of environmental sciences rivers state university of science and technology p m b 5080, port harcourt, nigeria 1. An evidence of the fact that the crisis in the region is far from being over is the latest series of violence emanating from the area as a result of the grievances and activities of the group called niger delta avengers. Conflict could be seen as a situation characterized by. The conflict situations reported reflect the distribution and priorities of the respondents themselves more than the distribution of conflict in the niger delta. Keywords oil exploitation, violent conflict, cost of conflict, conflict management, niger delta, nigeria. Lagos, nigeria cnna major new inquiry into oil companies operating in the niger delta has been launched by the archbishop of york, john sentamu. The niger delta is home to about 140 different ethnic groups in the nine states included in a broader definition of the region. However, the relative security brought about by the amnesty program has been eroded. Outside of benin, the niger delta was a collection of regions controlled by different tribes and kings, for example, urhobo, delta igbos, isoko, itsekiri, oron and ijaw note that the ijaw have always been the ethnic majority group in the delta.
Environmental conflict and internal migration in the niger delta. Diverse,interrelated and often overlapping conflict riskfactors contributed to the changing conflict andsecurity dynamics during the period. The current conflict in the niger delta arose in the early 1990s over tensions between the foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who felt they were being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. The main objective of the niger delta social and conflict analysis ndsca is to increase the banks understanding of the social and conflict issues influencing development in the niger delta. It follows onandoff conflict in the christiandominated southern niger delta in the preceding years, as well as an insurgency in the muslim dominated northeast.
For a deeper understanding of the conflict risk factors, visit disclaimer the content of this report represents a summary of the incidents reported in the data, not the opinions of the organizations that collaborated on the compilation of this information. Civil society, oil and conflict in the niger delta region. The niger delta human development report benefited immensely from many individuals and institutions. The post amnesty programme and sustainable peacebuilding 7 has had significant negative impacts on the environment and human population in the niger delta. Oil as a source of political conflict in niger delta academic journals.
These two characteristics have come into open conflict as. Niger delta annual conflict report pind foundation. Pdf understanding the niger delta crisis within the. Postconflict peace building and democracy in an oil region. We thank the local and international press community for telling our story. Theorising conflict in the niger delta region scholars are unanimous in their views that the end of the cold war and economic globalisation in the 1990s have had a significant impact on warfare. Within the delta the river breaks up into an in nigeria. Niger delta weekly conflict update for april 26 may 2, 2020 april 30, 2020. Nddc niger delta development commission ndlea national drugs law enforcement agency nema national emergency management agency. Niger delta, oil, poverty, underdevelopment, relative deprivation, frustration, political conflict. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Niger delta, yesterday and today types of conflict intracommunity conflict intercommunity conflict interethnic conflict communities and oil companies. The paper examines the interfaces between the nigerian state, multinational oil companies, the international community and youth militias with the economy.
Human development report human development reports. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace. The 2016 niger delta conflict is an ongoing conflict around the niger delta region of nigeria in a bid for the secession of the region, which was a part of the breakaway state of biafra. Conflict, niger delta, poverty, social welfare, basic needs introduction nigeria. The report, the niger delta annual conflict report pdf, shows that there were 416 violent incidents resulting in over one thousand recorded deaths in. Ethnic and political unrest has continued throughout the 1990s and persists as of 20 despite the conversion to democracy and the election of the. Mar 26, 2019 lagos, nigeria cnna major new inquiry into oil companies operating in the niger delta has been launched by the archbishop of york, john sentamu. The niger delta of nigeria is highly heterogeneous with over 40 ethnic groups who speak more than 100 languages and dialects.
It is estimated that more than million barrels of oil have been spilled in the niger delta since oil production began. Feb, 2017 maybe its because the conflict between antioil insurgents and the government has gone on for so long, some 20 years, that theres a bit of niger delta fatigue. The study will further investigate the influence of variables of interest, such as, gender, age, religion, ethnic background and educational qualification on causes of conflict in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by youths in delta state. In july, people, including two niger nationals and 11 nigerian nationals, were killed by niger soldiers in a village near abada on the nigeria border, when they were mistaken for members of an armed group. This paper focuses on the extent of implementation of the reintegration phase in the niger delta regions postconflict usually called postamnesty period and its impact on peace, security, and development in the region. Oil exploitation and conflict in the nigerdelta region of. The niger delta peace and conflict landscapeunderwent significant changes in 2018. The conflict in the niger delta was triggered by a number of factors. Niger delta weekly conflict update for april 1925, 2020 april 23, 2020. This causes them to undervalue the potential costs of ongoing violence, as well as the importance of a peaceful niger delta to nigerias economic. It follows onandoff conflict in the christiandominated southern niger delta in the preceding years, as well as an insurgency in the muslimdominated northeast. The economy of conflict in the oil rich niger delta region.
Conflict could be seen as a situation characterized by confrontation and hostilities to secure strategic. Niger delta geographical region, africa britannica. Civil society, oil and conflict in the niger delta region of. Therefore, there is the need to seek for other measures. Mitigation abstract the niger delta area of nigeria, coincides approximately to the southsouth geopolitical zone of the country. We earnestly praise the people of the niger delta for your prayers and support to the liberation movement. The presence of oil and gas in the region makes it the goose that lays the golden egg, thus making the region the center of economic and political activities in the country. Isaac boro, a young delta revolutionary, proclaims a niger delta republic to comprise mainly the deltas majority tribe, the ijaw. Introduction since 2002, the institute for peace and conflict resolution ipcr had periodically. Civil society, oil and conflict in the niger delta region of nigeria. This study examines the economy of conflict in the resource conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria. Mitigation abstract the nigerdelta area of nigeria, coincides approximately to the southsouth geopolitical zone of the country. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta.
It was found that though the economy did not cause the conflict, it has become a. Tarila marclint ebiede instability in nigerias niger delta. The conflict in the niger delta region of nigeria has become global as it is wont to, given the fact that the major actors in the crisis are transnational the multinational oil corporations play very critical and fundamental roles in the crisis as. Significant rise of insecurity in the niger delta through 2019. Six case studies of environmental conflict in the niger delta. Understanding the complex drivers of violent oilrelated conflict cyril obi abstract this paper explores the complex roots and dimensions of the niger delta conflict which has escalated from ethnic minority protests against the federal nigerian stateoil multinationals alliance in the 1990s to. The niger delta, a sensitive ecosystem rich in biodiversity, has witnessed considerable violence as a result of the tense rel ationship among oil companies, the nigerian state, and oilbearing communities.
While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as. Conflicts, conflict resolution, dialogue, niger delta, prevention introduction the niger delta region is made up of nine of nigeria. Conflict in the world has come to be accepted as a part of human growth and development. They are distributed free of charge in pdf format via the. Mar, 2019 the niger delta peace and conflict landscapeunderwent significant changes in 2018. An analytical evaluation of the cost of the conflict in nigerias niger. The region comprises 185 out of the 774 local government areas and covers 9 out of the 36 states of nigeria. This paper focuses on the extent of implementation of the reintegration phase in the niger delta regions postconflict usually called postamnesty period and its impact on peace, security, and development in. Nigeria is a multiethnic society, consisting of different ethnic nationalities joined together. During this period, conflict has escalated significantly while governance indicators, for the most part, have stubbornly refused to improve. The niger delta is one of the most complex and fragile ecosystems in the world. Pdf conflict in the world has come to be accepted as a part of human growth and development.
Pdf conflict resolution in nigeria the niger delta. The high command of the niger delta avengers nda, felicitate with all fighters and commands for job well done in 2016 and welcome us all to the year 2017. Conflict management in the niger delta region of nigeria accord. Analysis of conflict trends in the niger delta pind. Mang chaimang and ms adaeze uju oguike for the complementary roles they played in editing the draft. The niger delta is a region suffering from administrative neglect, crumbling social infrastructure and services, high unemployment, social deprivation, abject poverty, filth and squalor, and endemic conflict, says the report.
952 1357 764 1446 1260 1470 1237 748 1583 1035 1592 159 434 972 215 1373 1393 75 480 1013 47 413 123 583 436 1391 272 1425 810 244 114 707 1424 475